Prophylactic corticosteroids for infants undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

Study	Center	Country	No. of patients	Age	Type of surgery	Type of corticosteroids	Timing	Regimen	Control
Ando2005 [34]	1	Japan	20(10/10)	≤ 28 days	complete biventricular repair	hydrocortisone	intraoperative, postoperative	0.18 mg/kg/h for 3 days, 0.09 mg/kg/h for 2 days, 0.045 mg/kg/h for 2 day	placebo
Graham2019 [29]	2	US	176(81/95)	≤ 31 days	miscellaneous	methylprednisolone	intraoperative	30 mg/kg, after induction of anesthesia	placebo
Heying2012 [14]	1	Germany	20(9/11)	8-21 days	arterial switch	dexamethasone	preoperative	1 mg/kg, 4 h before scheduled start of CPB	placebo
Hill2022 [16]	24	US	1200(599/601)	< 1 year	miscellaneous	methylprednisolone	intraoperative	30 mg/kg, CPB pump-priming fluid	placebo
Keski-Nisula2013 [35]	1	Finland	40(20/20)	≤ 28 days	miscellaneous	methylprednisolone	intraoperative	30 mg/kg, after induction of anesthesia	placebo
Keski-Nisula2020 [36]	1	Finland	30(15/15)	2-12 months	bidirectional Glenn procedure	methylprednisolone	intraoperative	30 mg/kg, after induction of anesthesia	placebo
Lomivorotov2020 [30]	4	Brazil, China, Russia	394(194/200)	≤ 12 months	not reported	dexamethasone	intraoperative	1 mg/kg, after induction of anesthesia	placebo
Suominen2017 [37]	1	Finland	40(20/20)	≤ 28 days	miscellaneous	methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone	intraoperative, postoperative	2 mg/kg methylprednisolone after induction, hydrocortisone infusion 0.2 mg/kg/h for 48 h, 0.1 mg/kg/h for 48 h, and 0.05 mg/kg/h for 24 h	placebo

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