Fig. 2

Neonatal injury enhances inflammatory response to repeat paw incision in the injured paw tissue. (A) Samples of cross sections of the paw tissue taken near the incision site were processed with the H&E method five days after the paw incision from the indicated groups. There is greater edema, swelling, and immune cell infiltration in nIN-IN rats than in nsham-IN rats. Scale bar = 100 μm. (B) Inflammation score was significantly increased in nIN-IN group compared with the nsham-IN groups in both skin and muscle tissue surrounding the incision. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. nsham-IN group. (N = 4, Mann-Whitney nonparametric test). (C) Neonatal injury increased pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα, while there was no difference in IL-10, CCL2, and TGFβ between the two groups. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. nsham-IN group. (N = 5, unpaired Student t-test)