Effect of improving sleep quality the night before surgery with zolpidem on postoperative gastrointestinal function in patients undergoing laparoscopic partial colorectal resection: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial

Table 6 Postoperative outcomes

	Group C	Group Z	χ²/Z/t	P
Sufentanil consumption (ug)	68.12 ± 8.01	64.21 ± 8.78	2.027	0.046^*
PCIA effective press times	2(1)	1(1)	-4.435	0.000^**
Rescue analgesia	0(1)	0(0)	-0.897	0.370
Time to first feces (h)	97.21 ± 19.34	89.76 ± 18.35	1.722	0.089
Time to first flatus (h)	74(24.5)	63.5(22.75)	-2.578	0.010^*
Time to first intaking (h)	130(19.25)	121(16.75)	-2.313	0.021^*
Patient satisfaction	8(1)	9(1)	-2.643	0.008^*
Length of stay	16(3.5)	16(3)	-0.679	0.497
30 readmission rate
Not hospitalized	24(63.2%)	19(50.0%)	1.339	0.247
Hospitalization	14(36.8%)	19(50.0%)	1.339	0.247
Complications
None	32(84.2%)	31(81.6%)	0.093	0.761
Fever	6(15.8%)	7(18.4%)	0.093	0.761

Notes: Values are mean ± SD, number (%) and median (IQR). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01
Abbreviations: Group C, control group; Group Z, zolpidem group; PCIA, patient-controlled intravenous analgesia

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