Fig. 5

Forest plot for DP comparing different PEEP strategy groups: (a) LPEEP vs. HPEEP; (b) LPEEP vs. iPEEP; (c) LPEEP vs. MPEEP. Data are presented as mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. The vertical line represents no effect with the value of 0. The diamond represents the pooled mean effect estimate with 95% CI. It provides an overall measure of the difference in DP values between different PEEP strategy groups. Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; SD: standard deviation; I2: the ratio of excess dispersion to total dispersion; Тau2: the variance of the true effect sizes; Chi2: observed weighted sum of squares; df: degrees of freedom; DP: driving pressure; Cdyn: dynamic compliance; MPEEP: moderate positive end-expiratory pressure; iPEEP: individualized positive end-expiratory pressure group