Fig. 2

Alterations in GO and KEGG pathways due to aging. Blue and red colors represent control and surgical conditions, respectively. A-B Volcano plots showing differentially expressed genes in aging mice compared to young mice under control and surgical conditions. Blue (A) and red (B) dots represent significantly differentially expressed genes under control and surgical conditions respectively, while grey dots indicate non-significantly changed genes. The direction and number of expression changes are indicated at the top of each volcano plot. C A circular diagram showing the overlap among genes and groups of functions based on four input gene lists. D, E Pathways enriched in genes upregulated in aging vs. young mice under control and surgical conditions. F, G Pathways enriched in genes downregulated in aging vs. young mice under control and surgical conditions. H Enriched GO term ‘neurogenesis’ (GO:0022008). The black pie represents the proportion of genes related to ‘neurogenesis’ (GO:0022008) gene ontology term within the genome (gray). The red and blue pies respectively represent the proportions of genes (darker color) related to the GO:0022008 term among the genes that are downregulated in aging mice relative to young mice under control (blue) or surgical conditions (red). P values were determined based on the hypergeometric distribution (comparing the proportion of dark-colored slice to the whole colored pie versus the proportion of dark gray slice to the whole gray pie). I Enriched GO term ‘positive regulation of neurogenesis’ (GO:0050769). Color scheme and P value calculation are consistent with panel H