Table 4 Baseline characteristics of the included studies and key findings
Author | Year | Duration of study | Country | Type of Study | Comparison | Total Participants (M/F) | Total age | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Cognitive variable evaluated | Assessment time | Are differences found between groups? | Key findings | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Intervention | Number of patients | Intervention | Number of patients | Intervention | Number of patients | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Mahtab Poorzamany Nejat Kermany [2] | 2016 | 2012–2013 | Iran | Double-blind randomized control trial | Remifentanil and Dexmedetomidine | 100(56/44) | 51 ± 10 | remifentanil | 50 | dexmedetomidine | 50 | - | - | MMSE | Postop 2 h | Yes | • MAP and HR were significantly lower in the Dexmedetomidine group both during and after surgery (P = 0.01 and 0.009, respectively), • there was no significant difference in SpO2 between the two groups |
Khosrou Naghibi | 2016 | 2015 | Iran | clinical trial | General anesthesia and Local anesthesia | 360(218/142) | 75.6 ± 7.8 | General anesthesia | 180 | Local anesthesia | 180 | - | - | MMSE | Preop, postop day 1, day 7 | Yes | • MAP and HR were significantly lower in the local anesthetic group |
Wael Fathy | 2019 | 2018 | Egypt | prospective randomized clinical trial | local anesthesia with lidocaine 2% and topical anesthesia | 60(25/35) | 54.3 | local anesthesia with lidocaine 2% | 30 | topical anesthesia | 30 | - | - | ISAS, PALT, VF | Preop, postop day 7 | Yes | • Not reported |
Wael Fathy | 2019 | 2018 | Egypt | prospective randomized trial | lidocaine and bupivacaine | 61(24/37) | 53.82 | lidocaine | 28 | bupivacaine | 33 | - | - | PALT, VF | Preop, postop day 7 | No | • Not reported |
Neda Mansouri | 2019 | 2017–2018 | Iran | double-blind controlled clinical trial | Midazolam, dexmedetomidine and normal saline (control) | 150(69/81) | 64.7 | Midazolam | 50 | dexmedetomidine | 50 | control | 50 | MMSE | Preop, postop 1 day, 7 days | No | • BP, HR, and O2sat: up to 24 h after the surgery showed no significant difference between the midazolam, dexmedetomidine, and control groups (P > 0.05) |
Kılıç, Yeliz [21] | 2020 | 2019–2020 | Turkey | prospective observational study | General and local and topical | 77(35/42) | 50.9 | General anesthesia | 27 | Local anesthesia | 23 | Tropical anesthesia | 27 | BOMC | Preop, postop 1 h, 1 day, 7 days | No | • similar in baseline patient characteristics and hemodynamic data (P > 0.05) |
Mohamed Arafa Elsaid | 2021 | 2021 | Egypt | Retrospective clinical trial | ketamine and dexmedetomidine and control | 75 |  | ketamine | 25 | dexmedetomidine | 25 | control | 25 | NRS, Ramsay sedation score | Postop 2 h and 4h | No | • Not reported |
Yeliz Kılıç [19] | 2021 | 2019–2020 | Turkey | clinical trial | Tropical and local | 41(21/20) | 71 | retrobulbar blockade | 25 | topical | 16 |  |  | BOMC | Preop, postop 1st hour, 1st day, and 1st week | No | • Not reported |
Mohamed E Oriby [18] | 2023 | - | Egypt | A randomized controlled trial | Ketamine and Dexmedetomidine and control | 90 | 72.24 | Ketamine | 30 | Dexmedetomidine | 30 | control | 30 | NRS, Ramsay sedation score | Preop, postop month 1 and 3 | No | • there was no difference between the groups in the changes in the mean arterial blood pressure, oxygen saturation, or respiration rate (P ˃ 0.05) • The heart rate was decreased in the dexmedetomidine group than in control and ketamine group |