Table 1 Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients
Characteristics | All patients (N = 482) | Rapid muscle loss group(N = 141) | Non rapid muscle loss group (N = 341) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) (median [IQR]) | 62.0 (51.0, 74.0) | 56.0 (50.0, 71.0) | 64.0 (51.0, 75.0) | 0.02* |
Male (n) (%) | 350 (72.6) | 118 (83.7) | 232 (68.0) |  < 0.01* |
Infection site | ||||
 Respiratory (n) (%) | 295 (61.2) | 81 (57.4) | 214 (62.8) | 0.28 |
 Abdominal (n) (%) | 127 (26.4) | 44 (31.2) | 83 (24.3) | 0.12 |
 Genitourinary (n) (%) | 13 (2.7) | 4 (2.8) | 9 (2.6) | 0.9 |
 Skin/soft tissue (n) (%) | 7 (1.5) | 1 (0.7) | 6 (1.8) | 0.38 |
 Bloodstream (n) (%) | 22 (4.6) | 6 (4.3) | 16 (4.7) | 0.83 |
 Central nervous system (n) (%) | 15 (3.1) | 4 (2.8) | 11 (3.2) | 0.82 |
 Other (n) (%) | 3 (0.6) | 1 (0.7) | 2 (0.6) | 0.88 |
BMI (median [IQR]) | 23.7 (21.7, 26.1) | 24.5 (22.9, 27.3) | 23.4 (20.9, 25.3) | 0.21 |
APACHE II (median [IQR]) | 19.0 (14.0, 24.0) | 18.0 (13.0, 23.0) | 19.0 (14.0, 24.0) | 0.63 |
SOFA (median [IQR]) | 8.0 (6.0, 11.0) | 8.0(6.0, 11.0) | 8.0 (6.0, 11.0) | 0.59 |
Shock (n) (%) | 276 (57.4) | 157 (57.9) | 119 (56.4) | 0.74 |
Comorbid conditions | ||||
 Hypertension (n) (%) | 213 (44.2) | 52 (36.9) | 161 (47.2) | 0.04* |
 Coronary artery disease (n) (%) | 62 (12.9) | 14 (9.9) | 48 (14.1) | 0.22 |
 Heart failure (n) (%) | 60 (12.5) | 15 (10.7) | 45 (13.2) | 0.44 |
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n) (%) | 27 (5.6) | 8 (5.7) | 19 (5.6) | 0.96 |
 Diabetes mellitus (n) (%) | 119 (24.7) | 33 (23.4) | 86 (25.2) | 0.67 |
 Solid malignant tumors (n) (%) | 71 (14.7) | 14 (9.9) | 57 (16.7) | 0.05 |
 Hematologic cancer (n) (%) | 6 (1.3) | 1 (0.7) | 5 (1.5) | 0.49 |
 Cirrhosis (n) (%) | 7 (1.5) | 2 (1.4) | 5 (1.5) | 0.97 |
 Other (n) (%) | 11 (2.3) | 3 (2.1) | 8 (2.4) | 0.91 |
Admission vital signs | ||||
 Temperature (°C) (median [IQR]) | 37.2 (36.5, 38.5) | 37.4 (36.5, 38.3) | 37.2 (36.5, 38.5) | 0.69 |
 RR (median [IQR]) | 21(12, 28) | 20(12, 28) | 21(13, 28) | 0.66 |
 Heart rate (beats/min) (median [IQR]) | 111(73, 126) | 111(80, 125) | 111(72, 127) | 0.90 |
 MAP (mmHg) (median [IQR]) | 75.0 (71.0, 78.0) | 76.0 (72.0, 78.0) | 75.0 (70.0, 78.0) | 0.54 |
Admission blood tests (median [IQR]) | ||||
 Creatinine (umol/L) (median [IQR]) | 78.0 (59.0, 107.0) | 82.0 (63.0, 109.0) | 77.0 (56.0, 103.0) | 0.73 |
 Urea (mmol/L) (median [IQR]) | 6.9 (4.7, 10.4) | 6.8 (5.1, 9.2) | 6.9 (4.6, 10.7) | 0.17 |
 Urea: creatinine (median [IQR]) | 88.6 (61.4, 123.1) | 84.2 (62.5, 110.5) | 92.5 (61.4, 132.7) | 0.02* |
 Lactate (mmol/L) (median [IQR]) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.5) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.3) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.6) | 0.86 |
 PCT (ng/ml) (median [IQR]) | 0.9 (0.1, 4.8) | 1.1 (0.2, 3.2) | 0.9 (0.1, 5.7) | 0.23 |
 Albumin (g/L) (median [IQR]) | 30.2 (27.0, 34.0) | 29.9 (27.0, 33.8) | 30.2 (26.9, 34.0) | 0.68 |
 Lymphocyte count (× 109/L) (median [IQR]) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.1) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.2) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.1) | 0.21 |
 Hemoglobin (g/L) (median [IQR]) | 106.0 (91.0, 123.0) | 105.0 (89.0, 125.0) | 106.0 (92.0, 122.0) | 0.93 |
Admission L3SMA (cm2) mean (SD) | 118.9 (32.3) | 141.7 (30.1) | 109.6 (28.3) |  < 0.01* |
ΔL3SMA/day (cm2/day) | 1.7(0.8) | 2.5 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.3) |  < 0.01* |
Hospital length of stay (day) (mean [SD]) | 31.4 (20.6) | 28.8 (17.1) | 32.5(21.8) | 0.08 |
ICU length of stay (day) (median [IQR]) | 16.2 (11.5, 26.2) | 15.5 (10.8, 24.5) | 17.6 (11.8,26.9) | 0.13 |
Hospital mortality (n) (%) | 105 (21.8) | 24 (17.1) | 81 (23.8) | 0.10 |
ICU mortality (n) (%) | 92 (19.1) | 20 (14.2) | 72 (21.1) | 0.08 |
28-day mortality (day) (%) | 76 (15.8) | 21 (14.9) | 55 (16.1) | 0.74 |
Alive and VFDs-28-day (day) (median [IQR]) | 20.4(7.6) | 20.5 (7.3) | 20.3 (7.7) | 0.85 |