Fig. 2

A-C Plasma concentrations of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) at baseline, after induction (before first incision), at the end of surgery, and on postoperative day 1 (POD1) in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty under spinal (n = 9) versus general (n = 18) anesthesia. Data are expressed as median ± interquartile range (IQR). * = significant difference from baseline determined by Friedman tests with Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05); No significant differences between groups were found as assessed by Mann-Whitney U test. HMGB1: high mobility group box 1