Incidence of local anesthetic systemic toxicity in patients receiving bupivacaine infiltration analgesia for total joint arthroplasty under general anesthesia: a retrospective single-center study

Table 3 Patient demographics in matched unilateral THA and TKA groups

Variables	TKA group (n = 208)	THA group (n = 208)	p value
Age (years)	70.74 ± 7.96	70.61 ± 8.17	0.977
Male, n (%)	40 (19.23)	44 (21.15)	0.625
BMI (kg/M²)	27.08 ± 4.01	27.29 ± 4.03	0.605
Chronic diseases
Hypertension	131 (62.98)	130 (62.50)	0.919
Diabetes	44 (21.15)	41 (19.71)	0.715
Coronary artery disease	4 (1.92)	6 (2.88)	0.522
Arrhythmia	4 (1.92)	9 (4.33)	0.159
CNS disease	5 (2.40)	8 (3.85)	0.398
Asthma/COPD	11 (5.29)	7 (3.37)	0.335
Malignancy	11 (5.29)	8 (3.85)	0.367
Duration of surgery (min)	57.56 ± 11.80	42.34 ± 8.72	< 0.001*
Duration of anesthesia (min)	84.70 ± 13.20	70.34 ± 9.19	< 0.001*
Duration of PACU stay (min)	68.46 ± 14.44	78.62 ± 18.64	< 0.001*
Intraoperative blood loss (ml)	118.11 ± 49.25	214.42 ± 94.33	< 0.001*
Hospitalization (day)	3.03 ± 0.17	3.01 ± 0.12	0.314
Bupivacaine dose	277.42 ± 30.56	272.78 ± 31.03	0.765
Pain score at 24 h (NRS)	2.07 ± 0.55	2.28 ± 0.81	0.631

Central nervous system (CNS) disease includes history of stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and brain tumor. Data are presented as number (%) or mean ± standard deviation. Continuous variables were compared using independent sample T-test, while categorical variables were analyzed using Fisher’s exact tests. *p < 0.05 represented a significant difference between two groups. Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CNS, central nervous system; NRS, numeric rating scale; PACU, post-anesthesia care unit; THA, total hip arthroplasty; TKA, total knee arthroplasty

ISSN: 1471-2253