Table 1 Patients’baseline characteristics and surgical information

Age (years)

53 ± 19.99

55.6 ± 16.71

0.54^a

Sex (male/female)

16/14

15/15

0.796^b

Height (cm)

164 ± 8.53

162.4 ± 9.87

0.504^a

Weight (kg)

62.7 ± 10.15

58.1 ± 11.31

0.103^a

BMI (kg/m²)

23.3 ± 3.17

22.01 ± 3.73

0.155^a

Hemoglobin (g/L)

137.33 ± 23.79

129.53 ± 21.34

0.187^a

Serum bilirubin (µmol/L)

11.5 [6.18–21.13]

10.8[7.68–17.15]

0.941^c

Serum creatinine (µmol/L)

75.64 ± 12.31

73.15 ± 16.13

0.503^a

Serum albumin (g/L)

43.17 ± 3.87

40.23 ± 5.11

0.015^a

Left ventricle ejection fraction, %

70[60–74]

71.5[66–75]

0.332^c

ALT

22.9[12.9–55.2]

25.8[15.4–52.4]

0.717^c

AST

23.6[15.9–43.2]

24.9[20.5–40.8]

0.315^c

Comorbidities

Diabetes mellitu

3(10%)

2(28%)

0.64^b

Hypertension

8(26.7%)

10(33.3%)

0.573^b

Coronary artery disease

2(6.7%)

0(0%)

0.15^b

Pulmonary hypertension

2(6.7%)

3(10%)

0.64^b

Smoking status (Y/N)

8(26.7%)

9(30%)

0.774^b

ASA physical status ≥ III

20/10

22/8

0.573^b

NYHA Class

3[2–3]

3[2–3]

NA

Type of surgery

Pancreatic

3(10%)

4(13.3%)

0.688^b

Hepatobiliary

14(46.7%)

14(26.7%)

NA

Bile duct or gallbladder

2(6.7%)

2(6.7%)

NA

Gastric

11(36.7%)

10(33.3%)

0.787^b

Laparoscopic

20(66.7%)

21(70%)

0.781^b

Laparotomy

10(33.3%)

9(30%)

0.781^b

Duration of anesthesia (min)

330.27 ± 127.28

321.53 ± 94.13

0.764^a

Duration of surgery (min)

264.3 ± 112.92

254.87 ± 84.83

0.716^a

Total fluid volume (mL)

1875[1587–2312]

1775[1350–2100]

0.263^c

Crystalloid (ml)

796.67 ± 288.08

735 ± 360.83

0.709^c

Colloid (ml)

869[713–1225]

912[708–1013]

0.313^c

Estimated blood loss (mL)

136[57–234]

103[54–170]

0.145^c

Infusion of blood product

5(16.7%)

6(20%)

0.739^b

Urine output (mL)

325[263–515]

514[199–827]

0.464^c

Vasoactive drugs needed (Y/N)

23/7

18/12

0.165^b

Ephedrine(mg)

9.50 ± 7.60

7.50 ± 7.78

0.318^a

Ehenylephrine(ug)

64.00 ± 62.40

59.00 ± 63.64

0.760^a

Norepinephrine(ug)

0.53 ± 1.66

0.40 ± 0.81

0.610^a

Dopamine(mg)

0

0

NA

Adrenaline(ug)

0

0

NA