Esketamine and neurocognitive disorders in adult surgical patients: a meta-analysis

BMC Anesthesiology

Table 2 Summary of outcomes: intraoperative esketamine administration compared with no esketamine

No	First author	Primary outcomes	Outcome definition	Detection	Time frame	Secondary outcomes
1	Bornemann Cimenti	POD	ICDSC	I	48 h after surgery	①②③④
2	Xiaodan Chen	POCD	MMSE	III	1 day and 3 months after surgery	②④⑤
3	Chao Han	POCD	NPT	III	7 days and 3 months after surgery	②④⑤
4	Tiantian Liu	POD and POCD	CAM-ICU and MMSE	II IV	1 day after surgery	④
5	Jiamin Ma	POD and DNR	CAM-ICU and MMSE	II IV	CAM-ICU: 1, 2 and 3 days after surgery MMSE: 3 days after surgery	②③④
6	Junxia Zhang	POCD	MMSE	IV	1 and 2 days after surgery	①②③④⑤
7	Jingjing Yuan	POD	-	-	PACU	④⑤
8	Wencai Tu	POCD	MoCA	IV	24 h after surgery	⑤
9	Zhaojun Jing	POD	CAM	II	1 and 3 days after surgery	②③④⑤
10	Tianyuan Luo	POD and POCD	CAM and MMSE	II IV	1 and 3 days after surgery	⑤
11	Yujia Wang	POD and POCD	CAM and MoCA	II IV	CAM: after 7 days postoperatively MoCA: 7 days, 1 and 6 months after surgery	②
12	Xinglong Xia	POD	CAM or CAM-ICU	II	Twice daily within 7 days after surgery	-
13	Jing Liu	POD	CAM	II	1 and 3 days after surgery	①②③⑤

ICDSC Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist, CAM-ICU Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU, CAM Confusion Assessment Method, MMSE Mini-mental state examination, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, NPT Neuropsychological Testing, PONV Postoperative nausea and vomiting
I: Delirium if ICDSC ≥ 4, II: CAM or CAM-ICU (1) acute onset and fluctuating course, (2) inattention, (3) disorganized thinking, (4) altered level of consciousness. A patient was considered to have delirium if criteria 1 and 2 are met, along with either criterion 3 or 4. III: a Z-score ≤ − 1.96 on at least 2 different tests, IV:MMSE or MoCA: a decline of ≥ 2 points from baseline
①Postoperative pain intensity at 4 h after surgery, ②Postoperative pain intensity at 24 h after surgery, ③Postoperative pain intensity at 48 h after surgery, ④remifentanil consumption; ⑤PONV

ISSN: 1471-2253