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Figure 4 | BMC Anesthesiology

Figure 4

From: Effects of midazolam, pentobarbital and ketamine on the mRNA expression of ion channels in a model organism Daphnia pulex

Figure 4

Effects of ketamine on the expression of Daphnia ion channel genes. Daphnids were exposed to 100 μM ketamine for 4 hours and killed for mRNA quantification. Among 108 ion channel genes, ketamine affects 11 genes at transcriptional level. Surprisingly, all of the 11 genes are downregulated by ketamine. Statistical significance was set at a level of P < 0.05 (*) and P < 0.01 (**).

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BMC Anesthesiology

ISSN: 1471-2253

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